Abstract

Background: Dust exposure at quarry mines is inevitable and can result in poor air quality. This research aimed to assess pulmonary symptoms and lung functions of dust-exposed workers at an iron-ore mine in eastern Iran. Methods: An environmental cross-sectional study sampled 174 dust-exposed mine workers and 93 unexposed administrative employees as the reference group. A standardized questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was completed in accordance with recommendations of the American Thoracic Society(ATS). Calibrated spirometer measured Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs). Data were analyzed via SPSS-21, integrating independent samples t-test, Chi-square and linear or logistic-regression models. Results: There was no significant variation between dust-exposed and reference groups in terms of age, weight, height, work experience and the number of smokers (P>0.05). Mean levels of exposure to inhalable and respirable mineral-dust were 15.09+/-2.34 and 3.45+/-2.57 mg/m(3) respectively. Pulmonary capacities of dust-exposed group were considerably decreased as compared to others (Forced Vital Capacity FVC 86.55+/-13.77 vs. 105.05+/-21.5; Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second FEV1 88.06+/-16.8 vs. 105.81+/-21.55; FEV1/FVC 103.03+/-18.17 vs. 93.3+/-12.49; and Peak Expiratory Flow PEF 89.82+/-22.58 vs. 98.09+/-20.60) (P<0.001); with a higher prevalence of cough (P=0.041), wheezing (P=0.032), and dyspnea (P=0.035) among formers. Age along with exposure to respirable-dust significantly reduced FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. Cigarette consumption attenuated FVC and FEV1 on an average of 5 to 9 units. Conclusion: Controlled occupational dust-exposure is a definitive pre-requisite to reduce respiratory problems among quarry workers, with an explicit consideration towards mineral- mine workers. Modifiable accomplices like smoking and non-compliance of PPEs usage should be amicably resolved.